Carbureter.



No. 842,170. PATENTED JAN; 29, 1907.

0. H. BRYANT & A. WATLING.

GARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 10, 1905.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

,170. PATENTED JAN. 29, 1907.

c. H. BRYANT & A. WATLING.

OARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 10, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEBT 2.

. 4 thefmotgr being throughly cleane the latter CHARLES HENRY BRYANT, OF TWICKENHAM, AND ARTHUR VVATLING, OF

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LONDON, ENGLAND.

CARBUR'ETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented Jan. 29, 1907.

To all whom, .it-may' concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES HENRY BRYAN'r, a subject of His Majesty the King of Great Britain, and a resident of 12 The Embankment, Twickenham, in the county of Middlesex, England, and ARTHUR VVATLING, a subject of Hls Majesty the King of Great Britain, and a resident of 9 Southampton street, High Holborn, London, W. 0., England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carburetors, (for which we have made application for patent in Great Britain, No. 20,899, dated September 28, 1904,) of which the following is a specification. a

Our invention relates to apparatus for preparing a charge of mineral oilsor other inammable fluids for explosion in internalcombustion engines. Such apparatus (commonly known as carbureters) as hitherto constructed work readily with the more volatile fluids but not with the less volatile, such as ordinary paraffin; and our invention has for its object to overcome this difliculty.

A successful utilization of heavy oils, such as ordinary paraflin, as the motive power in internal combustion motors of automobiles and fixed internal-c mbustion motors is much needed on account did ow cost and immunity from risk of fire as compared with the more volatile oils-such, for example as gasolene.

. Many attempts have been made to render possiblev the employment of heavy oils, such as paraffin, for the purpose referred to; but so far such attempts have failed for the important reasons, ither separately or collectively,

that the oil hasbeendecomposed and the tarry deposits resulting therefrom have after a short working perio necessitated the car;- bureting apparatus and workin' parts of been possible to'start the motor the use of a blow-lamp or like means has been necessary to heat up the carbureting apparatus, as otherwise the latter could not perform its functions. The objections attendant to such necessity ofheating up the carbureter for starting the motor 111 the case of automobiles,

- whether for pleasure or traction purposes, 3 are obvious. Owing, moreover, to the un:

. satisfactory conditions in which the charges have been prepared. by apparatus as previously devised, great loss of powerhas resulted.

By an a paratus constructed and arranged Y substantia ly as hereinafter described we are able to thoroughly burn ordinary araflin in a motor, starting from the cold, witliout tarry deposit either in the apparatus itself or in the motor.

- In the accompanying two sheets of drawings we have shownand will describe with re erence thereto the form of apparatus which we have found the most successful in practice. In the drawings, Figure l is a central vertical section of the entire apparatus. Fig. 2 is a art-sectional elevation of the valve cham er. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view of modified form of the pipe employed, as shown in Fig. 1, for connecting the apparatus to the exhaust-pipe of motor.

. For the purpose of carrying our invention into effect we provide, preferably of yellow brass, a pair of bell-shaped casings a, and b, one situated within the other and respectively provided at their lower ends with flanges c and d. The inner casing bis preferably domed at its upper end Q, approximately as shown, and has cast integrally therewith an external spi a1 web f of a depth equal to the distance bgt een the outer wall of the inner casing 11 and the inner wall of the outer cas ing' a, and extending from the up er to the lower portion of the former casing ,the final go i lower turns of the said web preferably decreasing in width, as indicated. By the'pro-v vision-of the spiral web as'describe'd, the g upper and lower portions of the'outer casing a are interiorly connected by Way of the spiral passage g, formed by such web.- The said inner casing b we internallyconnect with. the exhaust pipe h from motor. Thismay.

A convenbe effected in suitable manner.

ient way which has been employed consists 10f providing a short length of pipe i, having connected thereto by a short neck j a flange k, to which is adapted to besecurely fixed by screws'k orby riveting, bolting, or otherwise the flangescandd of the casingcandb, as

shown. The neck forms the wall of an opening Z, which is equal, or approximately equal, to the diameter of the inner wall of the casing b and connects the interior of the latter with the pipe i, which latter is suitably ar- 1 vided with an outlet-opening n for connection by a length of pipe (not shown) .to the combustion-chamber of motor, while at the upper end of said casing, and preferably at the center thereof, is screwed or otherwise suitably fixed a horizontally-disposed tube 0, one end of which Opens intothe outer casing wand has a suitable type of delivery-nozzle, such as p, Figs. 4 and 5, screwed or otherwise secured thereto, and the other or the outer endicommunicates with a valve-chamber q, throlugh whi'ch oil and air, as hereinafter described, are supplied to it. The assage r in said tube 0 is suitably formed wit a series of enlargements and restrictions of its bore for the purpose of perfecting the admixture of the air and oil, and the communication with the above mentioned valve-chamber q is made by way of a stepped cone-shaped opening s, which connects the passage 1' with a preferably valve-chamber qfs ituated above and supported by a flange to, (having an up-- turned edge and packing-disk u,) integrally formed with or otherwise connected to the tube 0. Fixed in convenient manner to such tube 0, as by a screw-nut 0, and projecting vupwardly through the stepped cone-shaped opening 3 is provided a vertically-disposed tube 12, which is formed into a plug and externally tapered at its lower end and integrally or otherwise connected at its upper end with an oil-su ply tube w, having an enlarged portion or oss pa situated centrally of said tube 1), and an extension y, provided with a screw-valve 2, said boss :1: being at its lower end provided with a flange I, having a downward-projecting rim and a packingring 1", which flange operates as a cover for the casing t, and when the nut 0 is screwed tightly home, such cover 1 is drawn toward the flange u, and by means of the packing it and 1 the casing t is'seoure'ly sealed. Upon such enlarged portion or boss :1: is fixed anair-supply tube 2, provided with a cap 3,

havin a depending flange 4 ofsufliciently large .iameter and provided with side springs 3 having projections 3 for engaging with the tube 2, so as to leave a free passage for the air between the cap,and the tube, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, The air soadmitted is arranged to be conducted by a number of passages 5, formed in the said enlarged portion or boss m into the valve-chamber q.

In the passage 6 of the vertical tube 12 is placed a suitable valve 7, which we term an oil-supply valve. This valve is connected by one or more pins 8, passing therethrough and through slots 9 in the tube, to a sleeve 10, mounted on and closely fitting the said tuber and provided with a circular disk or diaphragm 11 and a number of openings or slots 12, situated beneath the diaphragm 11 and adapted when the oil-supply valve 7 is opened to allow a supply of oil to issue therethrough from openings 13, formed in the vertical tube 0, adjacent to the'valve-seating 14 formed therein.

The oil-supply valve 7 is normally retained against its valve-seating 14 by a spiral spring 15, which at one end bears against the diaphragm 11 and at the other end bears against a collar 16, formed on the tube 1;. 'I he lower closed end of the passage 6 of said tube '0 is vented by one or more holes 17 to permit escape of air and any possible collection of oil when the valve is opening. A pipe 19, suitably connected to the oil-tube w, conveys the oil fed by gravity or pressure from the oil-tank to said tube w, from whence it. passes to the passage 6 ol' the tube '22. r

In operation the suction created. through the apparatus by the induction strol e ot the piston of motor draws a supply of air through the air-tube 2 and air-passages 5 to the valve-chamber g and simultaneously causes a downw rd movement of the diaphragm 1 1 andsle ve 10 to take place against the force of the spring 15. 'Ihe oil-supply valve 7, by reason of its connection to the sleeve 10, is thereby opened to an extent approximately as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, and a charge of oil is supplied through the passages 13 of the tube 1) and slots or openings 12 oi the sleeve 10- into the valvechamber (1. As the diaphragm 11 is of less diameter than the casing t, the air passes beneath said diaphragm, and the charge of oil, together with the entering air. is drawn through the stepped cone-shaped opening into the tube 0 and by the delivery-nozzle p is sprayed over the top and dome e of the easing I), from whence it flows round the spiral passage 9 to be finally drawn therefrom into the cylinder, there to be mixed with a main supply of air to form an explosive mixture.

It may here be observed that so far we have found it desirable to connect up the apparatus fairly close to the combustion-chamber of-motor. A

lt will be seen that the air and oil first come into contact-in the chamber (1 and arein finely-divided or atomized condition) is then fully perfected in and by the travel of the oil and air through the spiral passage 9. Where before it enters the combustioncham ber of motor it is heated (after the motor has been started) by the exhaust-gases directd into the casing b. T he carburation of the air is, moreover, effected by finely dividing or I atomizing the oil; as described without decomposing-same, and therefore in addition to the important result of" enabling ordinary paraflin to be burned in motors starting from the cold there is also no possibility of any tarry deposit in either the 'carbureter or the motor occurring, and we therefore obtain practically perfect combustion. Y

- With an apparatus constructed and arranged substantially as herein described We are able, by reason of the perfect admixture of the air and oil produced thereby, to readily burn ordinary paraffin in internal-combustion motors starting from the cold.

The object of the spring-controlled oil-supplyvalve 7 is to automatically cut ofl the supply of oilexcept when air is being drawn into the a paratus. To facilitate starting the motor rom the cold, we may, however, provide a spring-controlled pin 19, Fig. 2, in the cover 1 of the chamber q, so that the dia phragm 11 may by hand bedepressed-to open the Valve and allow the apparatus to be flushed with oil -prior to starting the motor.

The screw-valve z is provided for controlling the flow of oil to the passage 6 of the tube a; and is to be adjusted so as to give the desired flow to-attain the best results and need not then be further interfered with. To prevent leakage past the valve 2, a stuffing-box 20 is provided, and as a seating. for said screw in valve .2 we enlarge the passage in the tube 10 at its junction with the passage 6 and insert in such enlarged portion before screwing in the valve 2 a metal bush, as shown in Fig. 1. WVe wish it to be understood that the height of the deflectingweb m or means equivalent thereto may. be varied as in some cases it may not be necessary or desirable to direct the whole of theexhaust-gases upon the inner surface of the casingb, but only aportion of such ases, the regulation of which would be simply effected by reducing or incr'eabing the length of saidweb-m or like means. In this way the heating-of the inner easing may be regulatedsoasto secure e re with any aust-pipe n and pipe *5 may be integral, or,

in other words, thatthe exhaust-pipe itself} may be provided with a'flanged opening Z and deflecting means m for the purpose referred to in lieu of providing a separate short length of pipe'i, as, for example, described, while in either case instead of providing, an abrupt turn for the exhaust-gases whenbeing directed into the casing b and when pass-. ing out therefrom, as shown in Fig. 1, we may form the pipe '5 or the exhaust-pipe itself at the opening Z, substantially as shown in Fig. 6. Also notwithstanding that we have chosen to show anddescribe a short air-inlet tube 2 provided with a cap 3 suchcap may be dispensed with by considerably le'n'gthenin said tube.

Having now scribed our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is.

- 1. In combination with an internal-combustion motor an inner and anouter casing having a spiral passage between communieating with the combustion-space, a tube for the mixture of air and oil discharging over the to of the inner casing, a stepped coneshape opening leading. to said tube and means for delivering oil and air to said opening, substantially as'described.

2. In combination with an internal-combustion motor, an innerand an outer casing having a spiral passa e between, communihaving a series of restrictions and enlargements of its borefor the mixture ofair and oil dischargin over the top of the inner casing, a step e to said tu e and means for delivering air and oil to saidopening, substantially as described. 1

3. An apparatus for preparing ordinary paraflin or other iike inflammable fluids for explosion in internal -combustion motors, said apparatus comprising a pair of casings one situated within the other, and having a spiral passage formed therebetween connects ing the upper and lower interior portions of the outer casing, which latter at its lower end is provided with an outlet for connecting the apparatus to the combustion-chamber of motor, and its --upper'end is provided with a tube having alseries of enlargements and restrictions of, its bore, said tube opening at one end into the outer casing and-be ing provided'iwith a delivery-r1022: e and at theother. endleading by way of astepped IOO cone-shaped opening leading cone-shaped opening into a chamber'wherefrom air and oil are supplied to said tube, the admixture of air and oil formed in passing thro h-the apparatus being adapted to be heate by the exhaust-gases from the motor after fstartingpsubstantially as 'here'in -de- 4. anla'pparatus for preparing-ordinary parafiin or other like inflammable fluids for provided on the horizontal tube referred to, explosion in internal-combustion motors, the E which flanges are adapted to retain between combination of a pair of casings one situated within the other and having a spiral passage formed therebetween connecting the 5 upper and lower interior portions of the outer casing, which latter at its lower end is provided with an outlet for connecting the apparatus to the combustion-chamber of motor, and at its upper end is provided with a tube havin a series of enlargements and restrictions 0? its bore, said tube opening at one end into the outer casing and being provided with a delivery-nozzle, and at the other end leading by way of a stepped coneshaped opening into a valve-chamber, centrally of which latter is situated a vertical tube passing down throu h the said stepped cone-shaped opening an fixed to the horizontal tube and provided at its upper portion with an oil-supply tube having an enlarged portion or boss and an extension carrying. a screw in valve, said boss, in which a number of air-passages are formed, carrying an air-supply tube with or Without being provided with a cap accordin to its length, and having a flange correspon ing to a flange suitable packing a preferably transparent casing surrounding the vertical tube said vertical tube containing an oil-supply valve connecting to and adapted to be opened and closed by a spring-controlled sleeve provided with a disk or diaphragm arranged to be operated at starting by a sprin '-controlled pin and subsequently by the air rawn in by the suction of motor, the admixture of air and oil formed in passing through the apparatus being adapted to be heated by the exhaustgases from the motor after starting, by connecting the apparatus. to the exhaust-pipe and directing the flow of heated gas into the interior of the inner casing by suitable deflectin means, substantially as herein described and shown by the appended drawin s.

%n witness whereof .we have hereunto set our hands in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES HENRY BRYANT. ARTHUR WATLING. Witnesses:

HENRY CONRAD HEIDE, A BERT GEORGE BARNES. 

